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The study of processes by which bone is affected after deposition in archaeological sites. Gnaw marks, for instance, are made by numerous animals on discarded bones for a variety of reasons, including carnivores scavenging or accessing marrow, and rodents maintaining ever-growing incisor teeth. Recognizing the difference between major types of gnaw marks can help the faunal analyst identify changes to bone assemblages from archaeological sites which are used to reconstruct past dietary and resource procurement behavior. For an example, see "Taphonomy: Post-Depositional Effects of Carnivores on Skeletal Remains".